WEEKLY ECONOMIC TRENDS
Friday, 09/06/2023
Energy Resource & Infrastructure Trends
Chinese counterpart funding stalls $462m Bonny Deep Seaport project (Vanguard Newspaper, June 09, 2023)
ᄋ The inability of the Chinese Export-Import Bank to provide 85 percent of its counterpart funding of $463million for the Bonny Deep Seaport project has stalled the commencement of the port, former Minister of Transport, Mr. Sambo Muazu, has said. Speaking on a Facebook interview, Muazu, however, noted that the project is still on course, adding that it is supposed to be part of rehabilitation of the Port Harcourt – Maiduguri railway line. He said that what is being used to work on the project right now is the 15 percent appropriation funding. His words: “Bonny Deep seaport is still on course, the seaport is part and parcel of the rehabilitate of the Port-Harcourt-Maiduguri railway line.
ᄋ “Now, it is supposed to be funded 85 percent by a Chinese concessionary loan from China Exim Bank while the balance of 15 percent is to be provided under our appropriation. “So far, all the works going there currently is funded from the 15 percent appropriation, the 85 percent from Chinese Exim Bank has not materialized. “As we speak, the contractor, China Civil Engineering Construction Company, CCECC, is looking for alternative funding mechanism based on commercial laws. “Now, that will be subject to review of both the Federal Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning and the Debt Management Office as well all as the National Assembly”.
Nigeria’s oil production falls below 1mb/d – Report (The Punch Newspaper, June 08, 2023)
ᄋ Nigeria’s crude oil production has dropped below 1 million barrels per day, according to an Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries report. OPEC’s Monthly Oil Market Report for May puts the country’s oil output for May at 999, 000 barrels per day, which was below its 1.73 million barrels per day target. According to the report, production dropped to 999, 000b/d from 1.3mb/d and 1.2mb/d recorded in February and March, respectively.
ᄋ However, the Group Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited, Mele Kyari, during an interview with Reuters last Saturday, said Nigeria’s production was 1.56 million barrels per day. Nigeria had struggled to meet its OPEC quota of 1.742 million bpd due to oil theft and illegal refining, forcing the cartel to further reduce its quota for the rest of 2023. An energy law expert at Bloomfield, Ayodele Oni, said Nigeria’s low production was having an adverse impact on its budget. “First, it makes nonsense of our budgetary plans in terms of expected revenues and means. We will need to borrow more and the government would not be able to do some of what it should do.”
ᄋ On his part, oil and gas expert, Dr Austin Nweze, said low output would cause revenue to drop, urging the country to look for alternatives to make up for the situation. “There will be revenue loss because there is a demand to meet. However, the country must always provide alternatives to increase production so as to meet customers’ demand, because if the contract is not meant, then, it is a bad reputation for the country and customers will find another buyer,” he said. An independent researcher and development practitioner, Dr. Dauda Garuba, also collaborated with the view that low crude oil production meant revenue loss for the country.
NNPCL to cut fuel import from August (The Punch Newspaper, June 08, 2023)
ᄋ The Nigerian National Petroleum Company has confirmed that once the Dangote Refinery starts pumping out refined petroleum products from late July or early August, the NNPCL will cut down on its imports of Premium Motor Spirit, popularly called petrol. NNPCL is currently the sole importer of petrol into Nigeria, a task which it had shouldered for several years. Other oil marketers stopped importing petrol due to their inability to access the United States dollars at the official rate.
ᄋ NNPCL also owned 20 per cent stake in the Dangote Refinery. The 650,000 barrels per day crude oil processing refinery was inaugurated on May 22, 2023 by former President Muhammadu Buhari, who described the facility as a game-changer. Also at the inauguration, the Founder/Chairman, Dangote Group, Aliko Dangote, said the facility would put an end to the inflow of toxic substandard petroleum products into Nigeria, adding that the refinery would meet 100 per cent of Nigeria’s fuel needs.
ᄋ Dangote also stated that the refinery would start delivering refined products to the Nigerian market from late July or Early August this year. When contacted by our correspondent and asked about what would happen to the NNPCL fuel imports programme once the Dangote Refinery began to push out products in August, the national oil firm’s spokesperson, Garba-Deen Muhammad, said this would change. He said, “NNPC Limited is bringing in products from outside Nigeria as a matter of necessity, not as a matter of choice. We would have preferred that we produce here, refine here and we sell and provide the energy security that the country needs.
ᄋ “Because of the circumstances that surround our refineries, we cannot allow the country to be grounded. So we have to buy wherever we can get and sell. So if Dangote products are available, why should we not buy from Dangote? “There is absolutely no reason. And that is the reason why we are interested in the Dangote Refinery. We are co-owners, shouldn’t we do business with our partners rather than do it with other people?” Muhammad explained that the NNPCL would be supplying crude oil to the Dangote Refinery based on business agreement between both parties, and that this would be in accordance with the international price of crude.
ᄋ “NNPC owns 20 per cent of that asset and we have an agreement with Dangote that we will supply the refinery with crude. So as soon as Dangote begins to request for crude to pay for it, NNPC is prepared to supply the crude as a business transaction. “We have been selling crude to different parts of the world for decades, and it is not whether we will sell it to Dangote, for why won’t we sell to Dangote when we are selling to other refineries and countries?” NNPCL Group Chief Executive Officer, Mele Kyari, recently stated that the supply of 300,000 barrels of crude oil per day by the national oil firm to the Dangote Refinery would start once the facility commenced operations.
Marketers demand pricing template
ᄋ Meanwhile, oil marketers said the cost of refined petroleum products to be produced by the Dangote Refinery would not be known at the moment until the refinery released its pricing template. They expressed hope that the refinery would improve the petroleum products’ supply situation in Nigeria, but noted that the cost of white products would only be determined by the pricing template of the facility. The Secretary, Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria, Abuja-Suleja, Mohammed Shuaibu, said, “By the time it starts producing, we would see how implementation is going to be and his template.
ᄋ We cannot say much about the refinery until it starts. So let us see the mode of production, how it is going to look like in terms of its pricing template.” Also speaking on the issue, the President, Petroleum Products Retail Outlets Owners Association of Nigeria, Billy Gillis-Harry, said the pricing template from the new refinery would guide operators on what would be the cost of refined petroleum products from the facility.
OPEC raises Nigeria’s oil output as Saudi Arabia cuts production (The Punch Newspaper, June 05, 2023)
ᄋ Members and non-members of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, referred to as OPEC+, on Sunday, agreed to cut crude oil production volumes in order to ensure global oil market stability, but allowed Nigeria, Congo and Angola to continue to produce maximally to their OPEC quota of 2023. However, Saudi Arabia, a major oil producer and key member of OPEC, made an additional voluntary cut of one million barrels of oil per day as part of a deal struck by OPEC+ after hours of tense haggling, Bloomberg reported.
ᄋ Saudi Energy Minister, Abdulaziz bin Salman, unveiled the reduction in a statement, once again managing to pull off a surprise. The Saudi move is the most meaningful part of the deal, which also includes an agreement to extend voluntary cuts through 2024. Nigeria and other OPEC and non-OPEC members met at the 35th Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee Meeting of OPEC held in Vienna, Austria, on Sunday. Also, Nigeria, Congo and Angola have agreed that the highest production volumes of the last six months from November 2022 to April 2023 should be used as the basis for the determination of their 2024 production quota.
ᄋ The Nigerian head of delegation to the meeting reportedly said in a statement that OPEC had also agreed to allow these countries to continue to produce maximally to their OPEC quota of 2023, according to Persecondnews Nigeria’s highest crude oil production of 1.38 million barrels per day was achieved in February 2023. But by the latest development, Nigeria can ramp up its production up to its current OPEC quota of 1.74 million barrels per day and subsequently be capped at 10 per cent less as its quota for 2024, subject to verification by independent secondary sources.
ᄋ The statement said the Nigerian delegation was confident that the ongoing security intervention under the leadership of President Bola Tinubu would enable the restoration of country’s production to 1.58 million barrels per day and would be complimented by condensate of about 400,000 barrels per day. “This will ultimately enable Nigeria’s crude oil and condensate production of about two million barrels per day in 2024,” the statement added. Crude Oil prices were already trading up ahead of the meeting, but increased on Friday afternoon, bringing Brent crude to $76.32 at 4:20pm, a $2.06 per barrel increase on the day.
NNPC to Discontinue Crude Swap, Targets Cash Payments for Petrol Imports (Leadership Newspaper, June 05, 2023)
ᄋ With the removal of subsidy on petrol in the country, the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC) is set to discontinue crude oil swap in favour of cash payments for petrol imports. To this effect, the company is winding down crude oil swap contracts with traders and will pay cash for petrol imports as private companies could begin importing petrol as soon as this month, Reuters reports. This means that NNPC is in the process of ending crude swap contracts with traders. Instead of exchanging crude oil for refined petroleum products, the state-oil company will now make cash payments for petrol imports.
ᄋ The move is part of President Bola Tinubu’s plans to deregulate the petrol market and reduce the burden on government finances, the statement said. President Bola Tinubu on Monday during his inauguration announced that “subsidy is gone” sending the market into a tailspin as those who had the products quickly shut their pumps and long queues emerged across the nation. NNPC has been importing petrol from consortiums of foreign and local trading firms and repaying them with crude oil via what is known as Direct Sale Direct Purchase (DSDP) contracts since 2016 because it does not have enough cash to pay for the purchases, the statement said.
ᄋ “In the last four months, we practically terminated all DSDP contracts. And we now have an arm’s-length process where we can pay cash for the imports,” Mele Kyari, group chief executive officer, NNPC told Reuters in an interview late on Saturday. “This is the first time NNPC has said it is terminating crude swap contracts. By importing less gasoline as private companies import the bulk, NNPC will be able to pay for its purchases in cash.” Nigeria is Africa’s biggest crude producer but imports most of its refined products after running down its refineries. Nigeria’s petrol import bill hit N5.2 trillion in 2022, the highest in six years, as the quest by the country to wean itself off imported fuel drags.
ᄋ A significant drop in oil production last year coupled with high global fuel prices due to the war in Ukraine pushed NNPC’s debt to traders higher. It owed the consortiums about $2 billion, a September 2022 NNPC report to the Federation Account Allocation Committee shows, the statement said. “An industry source with direct knowledge of the matter said NNPC was still allocating crude for fuel swaps for July loading, though less than in previous months. In its report detailing March crude oil loadings, NNPC also allocated crude to the swap contracts held by the consortiums,” Reuters said.
ᄋ Kyari told Reuters that NNPC’s monopoly on petrol supplies was ending and private firms could start importing as early as this month. “Nigeria’s total crude and condensate output was at 1.56 million barrels a day (bpd) as of Friday. Nigeria has struggled to meet its Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil quota of 1.742 million bpd due to grand oil theft and illegal refining,” Kyari said. That has raised doubts on whether Nigeria can meet supplies for the 650,000-bpd newly commissioned Dangote Refinery. NNPC has a contract to supply 300,000 bpd to the refinery.
Other Economic Trends
Unreliable grid, alternative energy spike borrowing, costs by 50% (The Guardian Newspaper, by Helen Oji)
ᄋ With limited capacity to raise the prices of their products, alongside the intensive use of energy, local manufacturers have yet again raised concerns about their inability to manage energy shocks arising from high energy prices in an inflationary environment. According to the operators, the cost of energy has significantly increased the operational expenses of quoted blue-chip companies by over 50 per cent, a situation that is currently unsettling investors and chopping off a chunk of their returns. Indeed, grid unreliability remains a source of concern to operators who noted that alternative energy should not be the main source of energy if supply from the grid is reliable.
ᄋ Stakeholders have expressed fear that the trend could shrink listed firms’ potential growth, and ultimately hamper equities investors’ dividend payments, especially with some of the firms still battling with the effect of the COVID-19 crisis. Findings revealed that an increasing number of listed firms are reducing their operations, while others are struggling for survival as energy takes a toll on their survival. Worried by the increasing challenges and falling performance indicators, stakeholders have appealed to the Federal Government to create alternative arrangements to give manufacturers access to affordable diesel for enhanced production. A close look at the listed firms’ energy consumption for both 2021 and 2022 financial years showed that firms listed under the industrial goods sector have been compelled to increase their energy budget.
ᄋ For instance, Dangote Cement Plc., energy consumption increased from N98.98 billion in H1 2021 to N129 billion in H1 2022, representing a growth of 31.3 per cent or 13.9 billion. From N113.9 billion in 2021, the company’s energy cost jumped to N133 billion last year. Following the high cost of operations, the company’s Profit After Tax (PAT) declined by 10.19 per cent to N172.1 billion for the half-year 2022 as against the N191.6 billion it posted in the comparative period of 2021. It also spent N198.1 billion during the third quarter (Q3) ended September 31, 2022. BUA Cement Plc, another company under the industrial goods subsector, spent N43.6billion on energy in H1 2022, representing an increase of 64.66 per cent over N26.446 billion reported in the corresponding period in 2021.
ᄋ The total amount expended in energy consumption by Dangote Cement and BUA during the Q3, 2022 operations was N263 billion. For the consumer goods subsector, Flourmills Plc incurred a total of N25 billion in Q3, 2022while BUA Foods also spent N8.2 billion. Under the healthcare subsector, GlaxoSmithkline Plc., expended N100 million in energy in Q3, 2022, while another pharmaceutical firm that craved anonymity said the company’s diesel cost skyrocketed between the first half of 2021 and a half year of 2022 by about 220 per cent. “We used to buy 33,000 litres of diesel for N7 million. Now, we pay as much as N26 million, which is a whopping 271 per cent increase. Generally, there is a high energy cost.
ᄋ “Even those factories that use gas are equally experiencing cost escalation. Companies that paid an average of N300 million per month for gas now have to pay as much as N800 million. This will adversely affect operations and our ability to pay dividends to shareholders. “Our profit has been cut down by over 50 per cent. It is not possible to pass all the cost to customers, and this makes achieving profit targets impossible,” the company said. Cutix Nigeria Plc. spent N64 million on energy in its half year 2021 operations and N87 million in 2021. The spending outlay rose to N141 million in H1 ‘2022, showing a percentage increase of 119 per cent or N76 million.
ᄋ Managing Director of the company, Ijeoma Oduonye, in a chat with The Guardian, disclosed that rising diesel cost was seriously affecting the company’s operating cost, noting that this would eventually negatively impact the firm’s profit and dividend payout. “Constant and stable electricity will eliminate the need for diesel. The resurrection of the local refineries will also reduce dependence on imported diesel. Empowerment of green energy projects by the government is a good strategic move,” she said. Another manufacturing firm, Academy Press Plc.’s total funds spent on diesel between January and December 2021 stood at N54 million, while public power took N71.6million totaling N131 million.
ᄋ Managing Director of the company, Olugbenga Ladipo, said it was obvious that the amount spent on energy from January to June 2022 was higher due to an increase in the cost of diesel coupled with worsening power supply, increasing by 113 per cent. According to him, the effect of this is that the budget made by the company for the year was exceeded leading to an increase in overheads. This has affected profits and dividend payouts. “The public energy supply should be made to function and cater to full industrial demands. It is better and cheaper to generate energy collectively rather than individually as we experience currently. Nobody will need to invest heavily in energy with its attendance distractions.
ᄋ “The effect on costs is huge. It deprives us of the affordability of other important needs. Again, lots of physical discomforts because rationing becomes imperative. As you can see some banks cut off operating hours. We did so much rationing to survive the cost,” he said. Founder of the Independence Shareholders Association of Nigeria (ISAN), Sir Sunny Nwosu urged the government to find a lasting solution to the diesel shortage in Nigeria. He pointed out that the lingering issues of the parlous state of infrastructure, poor access roads to the ports, with the associated traffic gridlock, as well as the activities of multiple government agencies at the terminals have contributed to the current negative position of the manufacturing industry.
ᄋ According to him, if the government fails to put a lasting solution to diesel scarcity by increasing the production, it will ultimately affect the Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of the sub-nationals and reduce taxation. He listed other implications to include: the exertion of untold hardship leading to the closure of many industries, reduction in capacity utilisation, further decline in GDP, large scale unemployment and increase in crime rate. “Most of the companies will be grounded to a halt when there is no petrol and there is no diesel. If the government does not find a way to increase the production of diesel, it will affect IGR and tax generation will also reduce because it is only when these companies have money that they can pay tax. If they do not have it, they evade tax.
ᄋ “Also, the rate of unemployment will increase because they will disband a lot of people and insecurity will increase. It is going to be a chain effect. Government should show concern and not liken us to the developed world, where diesel is scarce, they should find a home base solution to make this product available. It is affecting millions of Nigerians. “Each person that works in Nigeria caters to about 20 people, by the time the person is out of work, insecurity will be on the rise too. There is indeed a big problem in the country. Rice is not reachable and stable food is not reachable. It will affect the capital market investors. If these companies do not make a profit, how would they pay dividends and take care of their workforce,” he said.
ᄋ Founder of Performance Earning and Returned Leadership (PEARL) Awards Board of Governors, Tayo Orekoya, said the rising diesel costs are affecting the production, cost, pricing and purchasing power of Nigerians. He pointed out that the amount the country spends in subsidies is outrageous, stating that no economy can achieve any meaningful growth under such a structure. “We cannot over-emphasise the challenges that this has thrown into the economy, it is a shame that a country that has crude oil is importing, we need to rethink the very bases of our economy. A country that is blessed, look at what is happening with Russia invasion of Ukraine. All oil producers are making money, while Nigeria is in deficit.
ᄋ “We cannot take advantage of it, it is really sad. We need to rejig our strategies, particularly in terms of how to manage the resources. We should be able to refine our crude rather than exporting and then importing the same as refined oil. It is a shame,” he declared. Head of Equity Trading, Planet Capital, Paul Uzum said the effect on listed firms’ operations would be felt by the time the full-year financials are published. “However, it is natural that this will have a tremendous impact on many firms. Consumer goods firms’ reaction would naturally be to increase sales prices, which is manifesting the rising inflation levels. But many service firms, especially banks, will struggle with it,” he said.
Nigeria Exported N146bn Urea as Foreign Trade Dropped to N12trn in Q1 (Daily Trust Newspaper, June 07, 2023)
ᄋ The total volume of trade between Nigeria and other countries dropped to N12 trillion, year-on-year, in the first quarter of 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) has disclosed. The NBS in a report yesterday stated that Nigeria exported goods worth N6.4trn and imported goods worth N5.5trn.
ᄋ The report showed that total exports increased in the first quarter by two per cent (N6.3trn) when compared to the fourth quarter of 2022, but declined by 8.66 per cent (N7.1trn) when compared to the amount recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022. “In the same vein, total imports increased by 3.67 per cent in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the value recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022 (N5.3trn) but then again declined by 25.83 per cent when compared to the value recorded in the corresponding quarter of 2022 (N7.4trn).” The value of re-exports in the quarter stood at N32.1bn representing 0.50 percent of total exports.
ᄋ It added that the top five export destinations for Nigerian goods during the period included Netherlands with N837bn of goods or 12.91 percent of total export followed by the United States of America with N579.3bn or 8.93 per cent, Spain with N488.1bn or 7.53 per cent, France with N487.3bn or 7.51 per cent and India with N456.6bn or 7.04 per cent of total exports. For the most exported products, crude oil topped the list with N5.1tr representing 79.37 percent followed by Natural gas with N622.36bn, accounting for 9.59 per cent, and urea, whether or not in aqueous solution, worth N146.7bn.
ᄋ “In terms of imports, China, The Netherlands, Belgium, India, and the United States of America were the top five countries of origin of imports to Nigeria in the first quarter of 2023. The values of imports from the top five countries amounted to N3.1tr representing a share of 55.78 percent of the total value of imports. The commodities with the largest values of imported products were “Motor Spirit Ordinary” (N1.4tr or 26.84 per cent), Gas Oil (N472.4bn) or 8.50 per cent and Durum Wheat (N249.22bn) or 4.48 per cent.
ᄋ While it listed the top five re-export destinations of Nigerian products were to Cameroun, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, United Kingdom and Liberia and the most re-exported commodity was vessels and other floating structures for breaking up with N21bn, followed by light vessels, fire floats, floating cranes, and other vessels, valued at N4.71bn, other instruments and appliances for surveying N93m and parts of work-truck of the type used in factories, warehouses, dock areas or airports valued at N85m.
Nigeria’s Foreign Trade Increases by N324bn in Q1 (Thisday Newspaper, June 06, 2023)
ᄋ Nigeria’s total external merchandise trade increased by about N324 billion to N12.04 trillion in the first quarter of the year (Q1 2023), compared to N11.04 trillion in the preceding quarter, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) stated yesterday. According to the Foreign Trade Statistics for Q4, the slight improvement was attributed to a marginal increase in import and export trade resulting in a positive trade balance.
ᄋ The NBS stated that total exports stood at N6.48 trillion while imports amounted to N5.55 trillion, adding that exports increased in the first quarter by two per cent, but declined by 8.66 per cent when compared to N6.35 trillion recorded in Q4 2022 and N7.10 trillion in the corresponding quarter of 2022 respectively. Similarly, total imports increased by 3.67 per cent in the period under review compared to N5.36 trillion in Q4, but declined by 25.83 per cent when compared to N7.49 trillion in Q1 2022. The value of re-exports in the quarter under review stood at N32.17 billion representing 0.50 per cent of total exports.
ᄋ The top five re-export destinations are Cameroun, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, United Kingdom and Liberia while the most re-exported commodity was vessels and other floating structures for breaking up with N21.07 billion, followed by light vessels, fire floats, floating cranes, and other vessels not specified in 8905 valued at N4.71 billion. ‘Other instruments and appliances for surveying not specified in 9015’ amounting to N0.93 billion and parts of work-truck of the type used in factories, warehouses, dock areas or airports valued at N0.85 billion.
ᄋ The top five export destinations in Q1 are the Netherlands with N837.65 billion or 12.91 per cent, United States of America (US) with N579.35 billion or 8.93 per cent, Spain with N488.17 billion or 7.53 per cent, France with N487.34 billion or 7.51 per cent and India with N456.69 billion or 7.04 per cent of total exports. According to the statistical agency, altogether, exports to the top five countries amounted to 43.92 per cent of the total value of exports.
ᄋ Petroleum oil and oil obtained from bituminous minerals, crude which amounted to N5.14 trillion, represented 79.37 per cent and remained the commodity with the largest export values in the period under review, followed by natural gas, liquefied which amounted to N622.36 billion and accounted for 9.59 per cent, while and urea, whether or not in aqueous solution amounted to N146.79 billion or 2.26 per cent of total exports.
ᄋ However, the top five countries of origin of imports to Nigeria included China, The Netherlands, Belgium, India, and the United States. The values of imports from these countries amounted to N3. 1 trillion representing a share of 55.78 per cent of imports. While the commodities with the largest values of imported products are motor spirit ordinary valued at N1.49 trillion or 26.84 per cent, gas oil (N472.40 billion or 8.50 per cent and durum wheat (not in seeds) which amounted to N249.22 billion or 4.48 per cent.
Inflation, naira depreciation erode workers’ salary – Report (The Punch Newspaper, June 06, 2023)
ᄋ The continued depreciation of the naira and persistent inflation has eroded the N13.72tn that workers’ salaries gained in the last four years. This is as total workers’ salaries in the formal sector, in nominal terms, hit N52.33tn in 2022, a 35.54 per cent increase from the N38.61tn that it was in 2019. This represents a N13.72tn increase in the period under review, although when adjusted for inflation, the National Bureau of Statistics 2020 data on employees’ compensation revealed a N3.89tn increase. In real terms (i.e., after inflation has been factored in), the total salaries of workers only increased by 19.83 per cent from N19.6tn in 2019 to N23.49tn in 2022.
ᄋ According to economists, nominal GDP is the market value of goods and services produced at a particular period while Real GDP is gotten after inflation has been factored into nominal GDP. They state that real GDP is the true reflection of the economic status of a country. Inflation rose to 21.34 per cent in December 2022 from 11.37 percent in January 2019, according to the NBS. The statistics body of the country defines compensation of employees as the total remuneration of employees in the formal sector, inclusive of their wages and salaries and benefits in kind (such as pensions).
ᄋ Commenting on the third and fourth quarters of 2022, the body said, “In Q3 and Q4 of 2022, the Compensation of Employees grew by 4.28 per cent and 3.28 per cent respectively in real terms year-on-year. “These growth rates were lower than the Q3 of 2021 and Q4 of 2021 rates recorded at 14.54 per cent and 11.79 per cent respectively. On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the CoE in real terms fell by 1.14 per cent in Q3 and grew by 12.32 per cent in Q4 of 2022. “On an annual basis, growth was 4.41 per cent in 2022, lower than the growth of 2021. In nominal terms, the compensation of employees grew by 12.31 per cent and 13.43 per cent in Q3 and Q4 of 2022 respectively.”
ᄋ In 2022, the NBS stated that naira depreciation was one of the factors fuelling inflation in the country. According to the World Bank Lead Economist for Nigeria, Alex Sienaert, cumulative inflation has risen by 55 per cent between 2019 and 2022. During a 2022 presentation, the lead economist noted that Nigeria’s minimum wage has lost 35.48 per cent of its actual value between 2019 and 2022. While presenting the Nigeria Development Update report, he said, “The cumulative inflation between 2019 and 2022 was 55 per cent.”
ᄋ According to Sienaert, rising inflation has led to a slump in the purchasing power of Nigerians, with the country’s consumer price inflation one of the highest in the world. Commenting on the effect of inflation since 2019, the World Bank said, “High inflation has been persistent in Nigeria for the past two decades, but since 2019 inflation has increased substantially, driven by the multiple exchange rates and exchange rate depreciation in the parallel market, intensified trade restrictions, and the monetization of the public deficit by the Central Bank of Nigeria.”
FG records N930bn two-month fiscal deficits – CBN (The Punch Newspaper, June 06, 2023)
ᄋ The Federal Government recorded N930.8bn fiscal deficit in January and February 2023 according to the Central Bank of Nigeria. The CBN stated in its monthly economic report for February 2023 that, “The estimated overall fiscal deficit of the FGN expanded in February, due to a drop in the retained revenue. “At N513.05bn, the provisional fiscal deficit of the FGN rose by 22.8 per cent relative to the preceding month. However, it was 16.2 per cent below the budget benchmark.”
ᄋ According to the report, the fiscal deficit was N417.75bn in January. The report said accretion into the federation account decreased by 32.3 per cent in February relative to the preceding month, on account of the 60.2 per cent fall in oil revenue. It added that the development led to the expansion of the overall fiscal deficit (provisional) by 22.8 per cent due to a 16.4 per cent surge in provisional FGN capital expenditure, and a 7.7 per cent fall in FGN retained revenue.
ᄋ Total public debt at N46.25tn (23.2 per cent of GDP) at end-December 2022, remained within the 40.0 per cent national threshold. It stated that, “At N1.04tn, federation receipts were below the level in January by 32.3 per cent. Similarly, it was below the budget2 of N1.58tn by 34.3 per cent. “The decline, relative to January was attributed to a fall in collections from petroleum profit tax and royalties. Oil revenue, at N308.07bn, was 60.2 per cent below receipts in the preceding month.
ᄋ “The outcome was driven, largely, by the 60.5 per cent decrease in collections from petroleum profit tax and royalties.” At N730.21bn, non-oil revenue, was below the level in the preceding month and the monthly target by 3.7 per cent and 7.4 per cent, respectively. The decrease was largely attributed to the 10.5 per cent decline in collections from corporate tax on account of the seasonality associated with its payments.
Subsidy: NLC shuns FG meeting, electricity workers back strike (The Punch Newspaper, June 05, 2023)
ᄋ The Nigeria Labour Congress on Sunday shunned a meeting called by the Federal Government to discuss the subsidy removal and the attendant hike in fuel pump prices across the country. The union insisted that it would not hold any dialogue with the government representatives unless a legitimate team was set up. However, the Trade Union Congress officials attended the meeting which was a follow-up to the talks held with the NLC at the Presidential Villa, Abuja, last week, which ended in a deadlock.
ᄋ This is as the electricity workers vowed to join the strike and plunge the nation into a blackout in protest against the removal of fuel subsidy by the Bola Tinubu administration. The National Treasurer of the NLC, Hakeem Ambali, confirmed the decision of the union to boycott the meeting which was a follow-up to the Wednesday meeting on the removal of subsidy.
ᄋ During the meeting attended by the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Godwin Emefiele, Managing Director, Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mele Kyari, Dele Alake, and others, the NLC had insisted on the reversal of the fuel pump price pegged at between N488 and N540. Following the breakdown of talks, the congress resolved at its NEC meeting held on Friday to embark on a nationwide strike. Speaking to The PUNCH on Sunday, Ambali explained that like the TUC, the NLC was invited for a follow-up meeting at the State House following the earlier meeting which ended in a deadlock.
ᄋ He hinted that the union did not attend the talks because the government representatives had no official mandate or authority to negotiate for the President. “It was an adjourned meeting, a follow-up to the last one. However, the NLC insisted that we would be ready to negotiate with a team that has legitimacy and official mandate to negotiate for President Tinubu,” he stated. Shedding light on the NLC’s boycott of the session, the National President of the congress, Joe Ajaero, contended that the meeting was of no consequence to the congress.
Fuel importation: Marketers demand equal access to forex (The Punch Newspaper, June 05, 2023)
ᄋ Oil marketers have projected that the ex-depot price of Premium Motor Spirit, popularly called petrol, would hit N515/litre once they source foreign exchange rate at the parallel market for the importation of PMS. Ex-depot price is the price marketers buy products at the depot and it determines the price at which they sell to motorists at filling stations.
ᄋ Dealers under the aegis of the Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria called on the Federal Government to provide opportunity for marketers to start importing petrol by enabling dealers to have access to foreign exchange. Currently, the Nigerian National Petroleum Company is the sole importer of PMS into Nigeria, as other marketers stopped importing the commodity due to their inability to access the United States dollar. Marketers also stated that the ex-depot price of petrol by NNPCL Retail was currently N467.39/litre, and explained that this was because the national oil company was sourcing its dollars at a cheaper rate.
ᄋ “The exchange rate of N761/$ at the parallel market is what we are battling with as I’m talking to you right now, because that is where most marketers source their dollars. NNPCL’s ex-depot price is not realistic for other marketers, because they (NNPCL) source their dollar cheaper, which is at the N461/$ CBN rate. “So if any marketer is importing today, the cheapest ex-depot price that has been calculated for us is not less than N505/litre; some are as high as N511/litre, while others are as high as N515/litre,” an oil marketer, who pleaded not to be named to avoid victimisation, stated. Meanwhile, some members of the Major Oil Marketers Association of Nigeria also said access to dollars remained the challenge and that marketers who wanted to import already had the licence.
ᄋ The immediate past chairman of MOMAN, Mr Adetunji Oyebanji, who is the Managing Director, 11 Plc (formerly Mobil Oil Nigeria Plc), said, “As an operator in the industry, we welcome the idea that import licenses would be granted. The truth of the matter is that they never really stopped granting import licenses. The only reason people could not make use of them was because they did not have access to foreign exchange at the same rate the NNPCL had. “That means if one wanted to import fuel and one’s rate was higher than what NNPCL was getting, then obviously, one would not be able to compete when one brought in the product. So, the truth is that we would come back to the market if we have access to foreign exchange at the same rate the NNPCL has.”
ᄋ He said if other people could import the product, it would remove the NNPCL monopoly and make fuel readily available. “But, issues around access to forex are not really clear. This is because, in the past, the CBN governor has said he didn’t have any forex to give us. We wish they changed that situation and improved the structure,” he added. Similarly, a highly-placed source in MOMAN said, “We never had a problem with import licenses. I think there was a breach in communication to the general public. That importation is open to anybody who can import fuel, the industry knows that that is half of the story. The other half of the story is around the FX issue.
ᄋ “If I were to look at it from their point of view – and I am not holding brief for either the NNPCL or NMDPRA – they have both spoken within the scope of their offices. The FX issue is not really theirs to solve. That is a ministry of finance issue and a CBN policy issue to solve. In a way, if you are to take them exactly by what they said, they have spoken like government persons. “The other piece is to hear from the CBN governor or the ministry of finance to understand how that will be dealt with. I think what the NNPCL has control over is crude oil, not FX. It is that crude oil that is being traded, and in the accounting, when they are working out the subsidy account, they use the official rate.”
ᄋ He said unless there was a policy shift that would allow credible persons that have importation licenses and have proven track record in fuel importation to have access to crude, which they could use to generate the FX that they needed, many marketers might not embrace the idea. He added, “The reality of the matter is that there is an uneven playing field because of the access to crude. NNPCL is more advantageous in terms of importation and that is why it is happening, and the other players don’t have the same opportunity to import. There is a dominant player in terms of importation.”
ᄋ When asked what he felt could be done, he said, “The first thing is to give a percentage that, for example, MOMAN members could import this particular percentage. I think we need a framework that really shows the build-up cost for everything. We need to make it in a way that NIMASA, NPA and all other charges are transparent to all the players.” “One of those charges is paid in dollars. That increases the cost of bringing the product in. The jetty you deliver to; the port you deliver to also matters. The system has to be transparent by creating equal opportunity. The regulators should be clearer with these things, or else the operators won’t be able to compete.
Fixing petrol prices
ᄋ As oil marketers made their demand to start PMS imports, the NMDPRA explained that it would no longer fix prices or release templates for petrol. The Chief Executive, NMDPRA, Farouk Ahmed, explained in a statement that under the liberalised market, market forces were allowed to dictate prices.
ᄋ Meanwhile, the NMDPRA helmsman cautioned against the optimism for cheap petroleum products, as he stated that “I don’t think products will be cheaper because the company will be buying crude oil at the international price.
ᄋ However, it is going to be cheaper in terms of freight rate, bringing of cargoes from Europe, etc. “Dangote Refinery is a game changer in terms of accessibility. By the time the NNPC refineries and other modular refineries across the country come on stream, Nigeria will be a net exporter of petroleum products.”